3D-printed nanohydroxyapatite/methylacrylylated silk fibroin scaffold for repairing rat skull defects.

The repair of bone defects remains a major challenge in the clinic, and treatment requires bone grafts or bone replacement materials. Existing biomaterials have many limitations and cannot meet the various needs of clinical applications. To treat bone defects, we constructed a nanohydroxyapatite (nHA)/methylacrylylated silk fibroin (MASF) composite biological scaffold using photocurable 3D printing technology. In this study, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to detect the changes in the morphological structure of the composite scaffold with different contents of nanohydroxyapatite, and FTIR was used to detect the functional groups and chemical bonds in the composite scaffold to determine the specific components of the scaffold. In in vitro experiments, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from SD rats were cocultured with scaffolds soaking solution, and the cytotoxicity, cell proliferation, Western blot analysis, Quantitative real-time PCR analysis, bone alkaline phosphatase activity and alizarin red staining of scaffolds were detected to determine the biocompatibility of scaffolds and the effect of promoting proliferation and osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. In the in vivo experiment, the skull defect was constructed by adult SD rats, and the scaffold was implanted into the skull defect site. After 4 weeks and 8 weeks of culture, the specific osteogenic effect of the scaffold in the skull defect site was detected by animal micro-CT, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and Masson's staining. Through the analysis of the morphological structure of the scaffold, we found that the frame supported good retention of the lamellar structure of silk fibroin, when mixed with nHA, the surface of the stent was rougher, the cell contact area increased, and cell adhesion and lamellar microstructure for cell migration and proliferation of the microenvironment provided a better space. FTIR results showed that the scaffold completely retained the ß -folded structure of silk fibroin, and the scaffold composite was present without obvious impurities. The staining results of live/dead cells showed that the constructed scaffolds had no significant cytotoxicity, and thw CCK-8 assay also showed that the constructed scaffolds had good biocompatibility. The results of osteogenic induction showed that the scaffold had good osteogenic induction ability. Moreover, the results also showed that the scaffold with a MASF: nHA ratio of 1: 0.5 (SFH) showed better osteogenic ability. The micro-CT and bone histometric results were consistent with the in vitro results after stent implantation, and there was more bone formation at the bone defect site in the SFH group.This research used photocurable 3D printing technology to successfully build an osteogenesis bracket. The results show that the constructed nHA/MASF biological composite material, has good biocompatibility and good osteogenesis function. At the same time, in the microenvironment, the material can also promote bone defect repair and can potentially be used as a bone defect filling material for bone regeneration applications.

Application of blended learning combined with Jigsaw teaching in arterial blood specimen collection of undergraduate intern nurses / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the application effect of online and offline blended learning combined with Jigsaw teaching in arterial blood specimen collection of undergraduate nursing interns.Methods:A total of 135 undergraduate nursing interns were randomly divided into the experimental group ( n=66) and the control group ( n=69). The experimental group used the blended learning combined with Jigsaw teaching, while the control group adopted the blended learning combined with PBL teaching. The theoretical examination before and after class, the skill assessment after training, the nursing clinical decision-making consciousness scale, and the teaching satisfaction survey were conducted in the two groups. SPSS 28.0 was used for t-test and Chi-square test. Results:After teaching, the total score of courses and the score of theoretical examination and skill assessment of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The total score and the multi-dimension scores of the nursing clinical decision-making consciousness scale in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The teaching satisfaction of the experimental group was 92.42% (61/66), which was significantly higher than that of the control group [69.57% (48/69)], and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Blended learning combined with Jigsaw teaching is applied to collect arterial blood specimens for undergraduate nursing interns, which is beneficial to improve the academic performance and clinical decision-making ability of nursing students.

Comparison of Ma-Griffith combined with a minimally invasive small incision to a modified suture technique for the treatment of acute achilles tendon ruptures.

BACKGROUND: The Achilles tendon is the strongest tendon in the human body, although it is also prone to injury and rupture. Currently, the best treatment method for acute Achilles tendon rupture remains controversial. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of the Ma-Griffith method combined with a minimally invasive small incision (M-G/MISI) with the modified suture technique (MST). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of the medical records of all patients who underwent treatment for acute Achilles tendon rupture between January 2012 and January 2020 at our hospital. Demographic characteristics, operative details, and postoperative complications were recorded, and data were statistically analyzed to compare the treatment efficacy of the two operative methods. RESULTS: A total of 67 patients were enrolled in the study, 34 of whom underwent M-G/MISI treatment, and 33 of whom underwent MST treatment. The intraoperative blood loss in the M-G/MISI group (16.47 ± 13.23 ml) was significantly lower than that in the MST group (34.55 ± 13.01 ml), and the difference was statistically significant (P ˂0.001). The incision in the M-G/MISI group (3.79 ± 1.81 cm) was significantly shorter than that in the MST group (5.79 ± 1.00 cm), and the difference was statistically significant (P˂0.001). The Achilles tendon rupture score and the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score were higher than those of the MST group at the sixth month after the operation (P˂0.001). Postoperatively, there was 1 case of traumatic Achilles tendon rupture in the M-G/MISI group and 1 case each of infection and deep vein thrombosis in the modified suture group. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the MST group, the M-G/MISI group had better Achilles tendon and ankle function scores at 6 months postoperatively, and less bleeding and shorter incisions. M-G/MISI is less invasive than MST.

Influence of placenta previa type on blood preparation / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To explore the corresponding strategies of blood preparation for placenta previa operation in our hospital according to the situation of blood transfusion during and after operation. 【Methods】 Ninety pregnant women with placenta previa (complete, partial or marginal) undergoing the caesarean operation and blood transfusion in our hospital from January 2011 to September 2020 were selected as the research objects. The corresponding data about intraoperative/postoperative blood loss, blood transfusion and blood preparation were collected, analyzed and compared. 【Results】 There was no significant differences in age between complete and marginal placenta previa(P>0.05), but significant differences in intraoperative/postoperative blood loss and the units of blood transfusion (P1 000 mL). The difference between ordering and transfusion units of complete and marginal placenta previa were 0.4 and 0, respectively. When the complete placenta previa was accompanied by placenta increta or placenta percreta, the blood loss was larger (>1 000 mL) and the units of blood transfusion ranged from 4.5 U to 6 U, while the blood loss was generally low (≤1 000 mL) and the units of blood transfusion was concentrated at 3 (2, 4) U without placenta accreta nor implantation.The difference between ordering and transfusion units of complete placenta previa with non-implantation, placenta accreta, placenta increta and placenta percreta were 0.165, 0.33, 0.5 and 1, respectively. 【Conclusion】 For marginal placenta previa, 3U blood is recommended for routine preparation, 3U blood for complete placenta previa with non-implantation or placenta accrete, and 4.5-6U for complete placenta previa with placenta increta or placenta percreta.

Perioperative blood transfusion in hepatic hydatid patients undergoing hepatectomy / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of blood transfusion in patients undergoing hepatectomy with hydatid hepatica, so as to provide perioperative blood security of these patients. 【Methods】 A retrospective analysis was performed on 40 hydatid hepatica patients who underwent hepatectomy from June 2011 to June 2021, and they were divided into the transfusion group (n=15) and the non-transfusion group (n=25). The difference in basic information, operative information, blood routine, coagulation function, biochemical parameters and thromboelastogram between the two groups were compared, and the characteristics of perioperative blood transfusion were analyzed. 【Results】 Fifteen(37.5%, 15/40) patients undergoing hepatectomy received blood transfusion, among which 2(5%, 5/40), 10(25%, 10/40) and 11(27.5%, 11/40) received preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative transfusion, respectively. The average transfusion of suspended red blood cells, plasma and cryoprecipitate were 4.77 U, 1 355 mL and 11.9 U respectively, without any adverse reactions of blood transfusion occurred. The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, the number of patients with tumor diameter ≥10 cm/ diameter <10 cm, the number of patients with cholecystectomy, postoperative PT, postoperative APTT and average hospital stay in the transfusion group were higher than those in the non-transfusion group(P<0.05), and the postoperative FIB was lower than those in the non-transfusion group(P<0.05). The blood test results showed that the WBC, AST, ALT and INR 24h after operation were significantly higher than those before operation (P<0.05), while RBC, Hb, ALP, FIB and Angle were significantly lower than those before operation(P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in WBC, RBC, Hb, ALT, ALP and INR between preoperative and postoperative 3~5 days(P<0.05). The differences of WBC, AST, ALT and FIB 3~5 days after surgery were statistically significant compared with 24 hours after surgery(P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The size of hepatic hydatid mass, cholecystectomy, intraoperative blood loss, operative time, postoperative PT, postoperative APTT and postoperative FIB were important factors affecting perioperative blood transfusion after hepatectomy, and the main transfusion components were plasma and cryoprecipitate.

Research of reflective circulation fusion link teaching in nursing teaching of operating room / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the application of reflective circulation fusion link teaching in operating room nursing teaching.Methods:A total of 60 nursing students of operating room accepted by our unit from October 2019 to October 2020 were divided into the control group (30 cases, using routine nursing instruction of operating room) and the experimental group (30 cases, taking reflective circulation fusion link teaching). The assessment results, self-directed learning ability and satisfaction with the teaching before and after the teaching were compared between the two groups. SPSS 26.0 was used for t test and chi-square test. Results:The scores of theoretical knowledge and nursing skills assessment in the two groups were improved, and the scores of the experimental group after teaching were higher than those of the control group[(92.84±5.91) vs. (87.25±7.29); (91.68±7.14) vs. (85.96±8.62)] ( P<0.05); the two groups were both improved in terms of learning awareness, learning behaviors, learning strategies, and learning evaluation and interpersonal skills dimensions, and the scores of the above-mentioned dimensions of the test group after teaching were higher than those of the control group ( P<0.05); the satisfaction scores of improving learning initiative, deepening the understanding and mastery of theoretical knowledge, and enhancing operational skills were higher than those of the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The application of reflective circulation fusion link teaching in nursing students of the operating room can not only enhance the students' assessment results and self-directed learning ability, but also improve their satisfaction of the teaching.

Analysis on disease burden of occupational coal workers′ pneumoconiosis in Anhui Province / 中国职业医学

@# Objective To analyze the disease burden caused by occupational coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) in Anhui Methods Province. A total of 1 649 patients with occupational CWP diagnosed in Anhui Province from 1950 to 2019 were selected as the study subjects using a retrospective study method. Age, gender, survival time, location, working age of disease onset, age of death, stage and date of diagnosis of CWP, comorbidities at the time of investigation, hospitalization and outpatient expenses in the past year, cost of absence from work, cost of absence from work of caregivers, and cost of nutrition and transportation were investigated. The years of life lost, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability adjusted life years (DALYs) Results and economic losses were calculated. Among these patients, 1 405 cases survived and 244 cases died. In the age range - - - of 20.0 70.0 years, the YLDs of surviving patients were 2.12 22.20 (8.19±3.59) person years. The YLDs of patients with disease vs - P complications was higher than that of patients without complications [(8.55±3.95) (7.87±3.21) person years, <0.01]. The total - - DALYs of the patients was 14 031.59 person years, and the average per capita DALYs was 8.51 person years. Its YLDs accounted for 82.0 % of the total DALYs. The total economic loss caused by CWP in the 1 405 surviving patients was 354.903 0 Conclusion million yuan, and the average per capita economic loss was 252 600 yuan. The disease burden caused by CWP is relatively high in Anhui Province. In addition to early detection, diagnosis and treatment, it is necessary to focus on prevention and treatment of CWP complications to reduce the disease burden.

Differential expression profile of miRNAs in amniotic fluid exosomes from fetuses with Down syndrome / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the role of miRNAs in amniotic fluid exosomes in growth and development of fetuses with Down syndrome (DS).@*METHODS@#Amniotic fluid were collected from 20 fetuses with DS and 20 normal fetuses (control) to extract amniotic exosome miRNA. MicroRNA sequencing technique was used to identify the differentially expressed miRNAs between the two groups, for which gene ontology (GO) and pathway analysis was performed. Three differentially expressed miRNAs with the strongest correlation with DS phenotype were selected for qPCR verification. Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the activity of let-7d-5p for targeted regulation of BACH1.@*RESULTS@#We identified 15 differentially expressed miRNAs in DS as compared with the control group, among which 7 miRNAs were up-regulated and 8 were down-regulated. Target gene prediction results showed that the differentially expressed miRNAs targeted 17 DS-related genes. GO analysis revealed that the main functions of the target genes involved protein binding, protein transport, ATP binding, transferase activity and synapses. Pathway analysis revealed that the functional pathways were closely related with the development of the nervous system. qPCR results showed that the expression levels of miR-140-3p and let-7d-5p were significantly lower in DS group than in the control group (P < 0.05), as was consistent with miRNA sequencing results; the expression level of miR-4512 was significantly higher in DS group than in control group (P < 0.05), which was contrary to miRNA sequencing results. The results of double luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed that let-7d-5p was capable of targeted regulation of BACH1 expression.@*CONCLUSION@#Let-7d-5p in amniotic fluid exosomes may promote oxidative stress events in the brain of fetuses with DS by regulating BACH1 expression.

The Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Combine Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukemia(AML) combined with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria(PNH).@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 13 AML combined with PNH patients treated in our hospital from January 2017 to May 2019 were collected and retrospective analyzed. The complete remission(CR) rate for induction chemotherapy was analyzed. The level of PNH@*RESULTS@#Among the 13 patients, 11 (84.6%) cases were CR after first induction chemotherapy. The median overall survival(OS) time was 17 months(0-30 months), the median progression-free survival(PFS) time was 16 months(2-26 months). There were no significant difference in the number of PNH@*CONCLUSION@#The patients of AML combined with PNH have higher CR rate after the first induction chemotherapy. The level of WBC and LDH at first diagnosed are the factors that affecting the OS of the patients. The OS of patients with WBC lower than 10×10

Characteristics and diagnostic value of temporal retinal thinning in young patients with Alport syndrome / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective To observe the features of temporal macular thinning and its value for the diagnosis of Alport syndrome (AS) in young patients.Methods Eighty-one young patients with AS (81 eyes) from Peking University First Hospital during January 2016 and July 2017 were included in this study.There were 67 males (67 eyes) and 14 females (14 eyes),the aged from 3 to 17 years,with the mean age of 9.6 years.Among 81 patients (81 eyes),there were 64 patients with X-linked AS (XLAS,including 53 males and 11 females),17 patients with autosomal recessive AS (ARAS,including 14 males and 3 females).One hundred healthy subjects aged 4 to 17 years were included as controls.Clinical data were retrospectively evaluated,including visual acuity,slit-lamp microscopy,dilated fundus photography,and OCT.Retinal thickness was measured with an OCT scan and the temporal thinning index (TTI) was calculated as stated in a previous study.The TTI values of each group was compared by One-way ANOVA or independent sample t test.The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness for AS.Results The TTI of the control group,XLAS and ARAS patients were 6.46 ± 1.58,10.93 ± 3.77,12.14± 4.05,respectively.Compared with the control group,the TTI value of males were larger in the XLAS and ARAS group (F=45.056,P＜0.001),the TTI value of females were larger in the ARAS group (F=26.541,P＜0.001).The difference of TTI value in females was significant between the XLAS and ARAS groups (F=26.541,P＜0.001).In males,the area under the ROC curve was 0.896 (95％CI 0.837-0.955,P＜0.001).The optimal cutoff value of the TTI was determined as 9.47,with a sensitivity of 73.1％ and a specificity of 100％.Conclusions TTI is a common ocular finding in young patients with AS.In males,a TTI ＞ 9.47 may differentiate AS from normal males.

Effect of SET7/9-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress on arsenic-induced hepatocyte apoptosis / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the effect of SET7/9 (SET domain containing 7/9) -mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) on protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) signaling pathway, and to explore the mechanisms of arsenic-induced hepatocyte apoptosis.METHODS:Human liver LO2 cells were divided into control group, arsenic poisoning model group, negative transfection group and SET7/9 siRNA transfection group.The apoptosis of the LO2 cells in each group was analyzed by flow cytometry.The protein levels of SET7/9, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) , PERK and p-PERK in the LO2 cells of each group were observed by Western blot.RESULTS:Inhibition of SET7/9 expression reduced the apoptotic rate of arsenic-induced LO2 cells.Arsenic exposure increased the expression of SET7/9 in the LO2 cells.Arsenic exposure increased the protein levels of GRP78 and p-PERK in the LO2 cells, but decreased the protein levels of GRP78 and p-PERK after transfection with SET7/9 siRNA (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Arsenic exposure induces hepatocyte apoptosis by increasing SET7/9 to activate ERS by PERK signaling pathway.

Effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced autophagy on hepatocyte apoptosis / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To observe the changes of autophagy-related indexes during endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) induced by dithiothreitol (DTT) and its effect on apoptosis in human normal hepatocytes.METHODS:LO2 cells were treated with DTT at 2.0 mmol/L for 0, 6, 12 and 24 h to induce ERS.The expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) , protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) , activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) , C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) , autophagy-related gene 12 (Atg12) , autophagy-related gene 5 (Atg5) and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) at mRNA and protein levels was determined by real-time PCR and Western blot.The apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry.The formation of autophagosomes was observed under transmission electron microscope.After the LO2 cells were pretreated with rapamycin at 400 nmol/L for 1 h and treated with DTT at 2.0mmol/L for 24 h, the effect of rapamycin pretreatment on the apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry.RESULTS:After treatment with DTT at 2.0 mmol/L for 6, 12 and 24 h, the mRNA and protein levels of GRP78, PERK, ATF4, CHOP, Atg12, Atg5 and LC3 in the LO2 cells were significantly higher than those in 0 h group (P<0.05).At the same time, the ratio of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰwas also increased after DTT treatment (P<0.05).Observation under transmission electron microscope showed that autophagosomes were found in the LO2 cells treated with DTT for 6, 12 and 24 h.After DTT treatment for 6, 12 and 24 h, the apoptosis rate of LO2 cells was significantly higher than that in DTT 0 h group, while the apoptosis induced by DTT was significantly decreased after rapamycin pretreatment (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:ERS induces autophagy and rapamycin pretreatment alleviates the apoptosis of LO2 cells to some extent.

Eyelid margin cleaning using Deep Cleaning Device for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction-associated dry eye: a preliminary investigation / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Objective: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of eyelid margin cleaning using Deep Cleaning Device for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction-associated dry eye. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, open-label, investigator-masked, and self-controlled study. We randomly assigned one eye of patients with meibomian gland dysfunction-associated dry eye to the treatment group, and the other eye to the control group. Both groups received artificial tears and lid warming; the treatment group received an additional one-time in-office eyelid margin cleaning using Deep Cleaning Device. Non-invasive tear break-up time (NITBUT) and tear meniscus height (TMH) of each eye, and Standard Patient Evaluation for Eye Dryness II (SPEED II) score of each patient were evaluated before and at one week after treatment. Results: Thirty eyes of 15 patients were enrolled. No adverse effects occurred during the treatment. Compared with the baseline values, the SPEED score decreased significantly at one week after treatment (mean±95% confidence interval, 11.00±0.99 vs. 5.67±1.67, P<0.0001), the NITBUT-first in the treatment group increased significantly at one week after treatment ((4.74±1.27) s vs. (7.49±2.22) s, P=0.01). The NITBUT-first was significantly longer in the treatment group ((7.49±2.22) s) than in the control group ((5.17±0.91) s) at one week after treatment (P=0.042). No significant differences were found in other tear film parameters between the two groups. Conclusions: Eyelid margin cleaning using the novel Deep Cleaning Device is a convenient, effective, and safe treatment for patients with meibomian gland dysfunction-associated dry eye.

Effect of low temperature on influenza based on propensity score analysis / 中国人兽共患病学报

We analyzed the trend of flu incidence in Chongqing,explored the independent influence of low temperature on the incidence of influenza and provided reference for the development of influenza prevention and control measures and strategies.Based on the epidemiological data of influenza from 2010-2015 in Chongqing and the meteorological data in the same period of time,using the temperature as the independent variable and the morbidity rate of daily flu as the dependent variable,we use the propensity value to match the balance of pressure,air flow and other confounding factors,establishing four negative binomial regression models.Confounding meteorological factors were balanced by the propensity score.The negative binomial regression model was better than the corresponding model before matching in Chi-square test,Deviance,Scale deviance,AIC and AICC.The lower the daily minimum temperature,the higher the incidence of influenza.The influence of meteorological factors on the incidence of influenza is lagging,and the use of negative binomial regression to control confounding factors before matching may underestimate the impact of temperature on the incidence of influenza.In addition,low temperature may be an important meteorological factor that leads to an increased incidence of influenza.

Establishment of apoptosis model in mouse cone cell line 661W cells and the primary research on protective effects of autophagy / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective To establish the apoptosis model in mouse cone cell line 661W cells and to investigate the viability of 661W cells in the conditions of different levels of autophagy.Methods Different concentrations of anti-Fas antibody were added to establish the apoptosis model of 661W cells,the expression of caspase-3 was detected by Western blot and the appropriate concentration of anti-Fas antibody was screened.Different concentrations of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or autophagy inducer rapamycin were added to inhibit or induce autophagy,the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC-3) Ⅱ/LC-3 Ⅰ were detected by Western blot and the appropriate concentrations were also screened.The cultured cells were divided into 6 groups:control group,simple 3-MA group,simple rapamycin group,model group,model + 3-MA group and model + rapamycin group.Western blot was adopted to detect the expression of caspase-3,caspase-8,autophagy related genes 5 (Atg-5) and LC-3 Ⅱ/LC-3 Ⅰ at 0 hour,3,6,12,24 and 48 hours after induction.Flowcytometer was adopted to detect the apoptosis rate of 661W cells.Results The apoptosis model of 661W cells was successfully established,and the appropriate concentration of anti-Fas antibody was 2.0 μg/ml.After stimulated by the anti-Fas antibody,the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-8 of 661W cells increased from the time point of 6 hours,peaked at 12 hours,and sustained to 48 hours.However,the expression of Atg-5 and LC-3 Ⅱ/LC-3 Ⅰ raised from the time point of 3 hours,peaked at 24 hours,and decreased to the basic level at 48 hours.In addition,the appropriate concentrations of 3-MA and rapamycin were 20 nmol/L and 2.0 nmol/L,respectively.There was no statistical difference among the control group,simple 3-MA group and simple rapamycin group on the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-8 and the apoptosis rate of 661W cells at different time points (all at P＞0.05).The expressions of Atg-5 and LC-3 Ⅱ/LC-3 Ⅰ in the simple rapamycin group were significantly higher than those in the control group at different time points (all at P＜0.05).The expressions of caspase-3 and caspase-8 and the apoptosis rate in the model + 3-MA group were significantlly higher than those in the model group at 3,6,12,24 and 48 hours after induction,while the expressions of Atg-5 and LC-3 Ⅱ/LC-3 Ⅰ were obviously lower than those in the model group at 3,6,12 and 24 hours after induction (all at P＜0.05).The expressions of caspase-3 and caspase-8 and the apoptosis rate at 6,12,24 and 48 hours after induction in the model+rapamycin group were significantly lower than those in the model group,while the expressions of Atg-5 and LC-3 Ⅱ/LC-3 Ⅰ at the time points of 3,6,12 and 24 hours after induction were obviously higher than those in the model group (all at P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Under the condition of anti Fas antibody inducing apoptosis,enhancing autophagy can reduce the apoptosis rate of cells,inhibiting autophagy can increase the apoptosis rate.Autophagy may play a protective role in 661W cells.

Roles of Rev-erb alphya and Ror alpha in osteoblastogenesis of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: The orphan nuclear receptors Rev-erbα and Rorα play important roles in lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism. But it is unclear whether they are involved in bone metabolism. OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression of Rev-erbα and Rorα during the osteoblastogenesis process of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). METHODS: BMSCs were isolated and purified from C57BL/6 mice by the whole bone marrow adherence method followed by morphology observations and then BMSCs were induced to differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes. We detected their differentiation abilities using oil red O staining and alizarin red staining, respectively. Real-time PCR and western blot assay were conducted to detect the mRNA and protein levels of Rev-erbα and Rorα in BMSCs cultured in the osteogenic medium for 0, 7, 14 days. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: BMSCs from C57BL/6 mice were mainly spindle-shaped and exhibited the swirl-like pattern of growth. Following induction, oil red O staining and alizarin red staining produced a positive reaction in these cells. Rev-erbα expression at both gene and protein levels decreased at 0, 7, 14 days after osteogenic induction, while Rorα expression increased at both gene and protein levels. These findings indicate that Rev-erbα and Rorα may participate in the osteoblastogenesis of BMSCs.

The protective effects of Hericium Tablets on acute alcoholic gastric mucosal injury in rats and its mechanism / 中成药

AIM To explore the protective effects of Hericium Tablets on the injury of gastric mucosa and to investigate its possible mechanism.METHODS The rats were orally given doses of Hericium Tablets (0.25,0.5,1.0 g/kg) once a day for seven days.One hour after the last doses,the rats were orally given a dose of anhydrous ethanol (5 mL/kg).In one hour,the degree of gastric mucosal injury and pathological changes were observed.Gastric juice pH and pepsin activity were detected by absorbing the gastric juice.The contents of amino hexose,PGE2 and IL-1β were detected by scraping gastric mucosa.RESULTS Hericium Tablets can obviously alleviate the damage degree of gastric mucosa,reduce the gastric mucosal hyperemia,bleeding,edema and necrosis,as well as against the decrease of pepsin activity in gastric juice,and the decrease of the content of amino hexose in gastric mucosal layer was inhibited,but there was no significant effect on the contents of PGE2 and IL-1 β and the increasement of pH value of gastric juice.CONCLUSION The effects of Hericium Tablets on gastric mucosal injury are obvious,and its mechanism is related to the decrease of the contents of gastric mucosa.

The method of defining poverty caused by illness in catastrophic diseases medical assistance systems: A case study of M City in Hubei Province / 中国卫生政策研究

Objective: In order to validate the effectiveness of methods of defining poverty caused by illness which are based on catastrophic health expenditure and impoverishment health expenditure, originated from relative costs theory.Results: This paper uses empirical approach to explore the definition methods by comparing the original methods with modified methods and defined population with the actual situation of poverty alleviation.Results: Study results show that the catastrophic health expenditures incurred ratio is about 20% and shows the aggregation of both low-income and high-income groups.The impoverishment health expenditure incurred ratio is about 12% and they mainly are families at the edge of poverty line.This study found that 70% of the families defined based on our method did not receive medical assistance in reality.Conclusion: Therefore, the definition methods based on relative costs theory are of great value in Chinese medical assistance systems for defining poverty caused by illness.Grouping based on household ability to pay could improve the methods' operability and effectiveness.

Role of stromal cell-derived factor 1/CXC chemokine receptor axis in rat tooth movement / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Orthodontic treatment has a long course and referral interval,which is an important difficulty.How to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement is an issue of concern.OBJECTIVE:To testify whether the local injection of AMD3100 (CXCR4 antagonist) can accelerate the tooth movement or not,and to explore the role of stromal cell-derived factor 1/CXC chemokine receptor axis in tooth movement.METHODS:Ninety Sprague-Dawley rats aged 8-10 weeks old were selected and the models of orthodontic tooth movement were established.The model rats were randomized into three groups,and then given the injection of stromal cell-derived factor 1,AMD3100 or PBS.The rats were killed at 1,3,5,7,10 and 14 days to measure the tooth movement distance.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The tooth movement distance showed difference among three groups;AMD3100 could facilitate the tooth movement,while stromal cell-derived factor 1 exerted inhibitory effect on the tooth movement.To conclude,stromal cell-derived factor 1/CXC chemokine receptor axis plays an important role in tooth movement.

HPLC fingerprint for Xinjiaxiangruyin standard decoction / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To establish HPLC fingerprint of Xinjiaxiangruyin standard decoction soasto provide an analytical method for the quality control of Xinjiaxiangruyin granules. Methods HPLC was conducted on a phenonmenex Luna C18 column us? ing acetonitrile - 0.1% H3PO4 in gradient elution modes as mobile phase, where detection wavelength was 280 nm and detection time was 130 min. With chlorogenic acid as reference peak, the Edition 2012 of “chromatographic fingerprint similarity evaluation system” software was used to establish the standard decoction reference fingerprint, which was then compared with the fingerprint of 5 batchs of the granules for similarity evaluation. Results The similarity of the fingerprints between the 5 batches of granules and the standard decoction was higher than 0.90. Conclusion The method is simple, stable and reproducible, which could be used for the quality control of the granules as an adjuvant method.